The NFL moves the goal posts back ten yards from the goal line to the end line to reduce field goals. ╢Baseball fans watch the Cincinnati Reds win their second consecutive World Series. ╕Sir Laurence Olivier makes his first and only TV commercial for Polaroid's SX-70 instant camera. ┤Fifty-two-year-old Jim Fixx, author of "The Complete Book of Running", dies while jogging. └Phillips introduces the compact audio cassette, which revolutionizes home recording. ½Roger Maris hits his 61st home run to break Babe Ruth's record. ⌐Boris Pasternak is Russia's first author to win the Nobel Literature Prize. He "voluntarily" refuses it. ªRJR Nabisco reveals its work on a new "smokeless" cigarette that heats, rather than burns tobacco. ├The Little Rascals' Carl "Alfalfa" Switzer dies tragically in a handgun battle. ºAfter turning the Chrysler Corporation around, Lee Iacocca tells how in his best-selling book. └At 19, Luci Baines Johnson, President Johnson's younger daughter, marries Patrick John Nugent. «Using an organ from a cadaver, Dr. J.D. Hardy performs the first human lung transplant ½No news for New York! The striking Pressman's Union shuts down the Post, the Times, and the Daily News. ║Houston pitcher Nolan Ryan is the first major leaguer to strike out 4,000 batters. ┴Twenty-year-old Mike Tyson becomes the youngest heavyweight boxing champion ever. ┬"Sports Illustrated" debuts and becomes one of the more successful "intelligent" sports magazines. óInternational competition is diminished as the United States boycotts the Moscow Olympics. ╝While pitching for the California Angels, Nolan Ryan sets the speed record of 100.9 mph. ╢"In Search of Excellence", a bestseller on the best U.S. companies, is published. ┐Ralph Nader's book, "Unsafe at Any Speed", notes that 51,000 Americans are killed yearly in car crashes. ¡Ernest Hemingway wins the Nobel Prize, but is unable to accept it because, typically, he's on safari. óThe Vatican rescinds its rule forbidding Catholics to eat meat on Friday. «Maury Wills becomes the first baseball player to steal more than 100 bases in a season. ¬Soccer king Pelé, the "Black Pearl", helps Brazil win the World Cup in a stunning victory over Sweden. ªAfter a long hiatus, Garry Trudeau brings the comic strip "Doonesbury" back to the daily papers. └Rosie Ruiz doesn't really go the distance, so Jacqueline Garreau is named Boston Marathon champ. ╝The eyes of the nation are on Washington, D.C. when Tricia Nixon marries Edward Finch Cox. │Just when you think it's time for baseball, the fledgling U.S. Football League begins to play. ┐"What, me worry?" Not the owners of newly-published "MAD Magazine" when it first becomes a success. áAmerican poet Robert Frost, whose writing captured the beauty of New England, dies at the age of 89. ½Over-the-counter sales of the pain drug ibuprofen is approved by the FDA. └"Time" magazine names ten women as "Man of the Year". ╖Hockey superstars Bobby Orr and Bobby Hull retire in the same year. ║A West Palm Beach, Florida, teenager gets $81.28 after suing her prom date for not showing up. ┼Doubleday publishes "Fatherhood", true-life tales of being a dad by Bill Cosby. ┬Mourners politely express their condolences at the funeral of Emily Post. ¿Smokin' Joe Frazier knocks out Jimmy Ellis in the fifth round to win the heavyweight championship. ▓An 8 1/2 hour play, "The Life & Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby", opens on Broadway--thanks to Dickens. ╜Mickey Mantle hits his 500th home run. »By law, the U.S. motto "In God We Trust" must now appear on newly-minted American coins. ú"Lady Chatterly's Lover" is banned from the mails by the Postmaster General on obscenity grounds. ºTrapeze artist Michael Vasquez performs the first quadruple somersault in public, in Arizona. ╛A 13-year-old boy has a bestseller with his book of instructions for solving Rubik's Cube. ╜The Boeing 747, a 360-seat jumbo jet, makes its first flight; its landing gear alone weighs 11 tons. ▒CBS News commentator Andy Rooney is suspended for offending blacks and gays. ╞Vinny Testaverde, quarterback and Heisman winner, is the first player selected in the NFL draft this year. ├Fine artists are aghast when paint-by-numbers kits become hot sellers. áThe World Football League (WFL) is formed with ten teams to challenge the NFL. ╡Rene Favaloro, cardiovascular surgeon at Ohio's Cleveland Clinic, develops the coronary bypass. »Weight Watchers is formed, offering direction and support to the overweight. ½Scientist R.M. Dolby effectively eliminates background hiss from audio recordings. »Inventor R. Buckminster Fuller unveils his Geodesic Dome House model, a structure of the "future". áThe Touch-Tone telephone is introduced as a push-button alternative to dialing. ½The CAT-scan imaging system is introduced to aid medical diagnosis and research. ┤Researchers announce that aspirin may help reduce the chances of having a heart attack. ─British Overseas Airways shrinks the world with the first jet passenger service across the Atlantic. ªThe Catholic Mass is said totally in English for the first time. ¼Jim Henson, master muppeteer and creator of "Kermit the Frog", dies unexpectedly of pneumonia at age 53. ╞Freddie Laker's fame soars when he begins a bargain-rate transatlantic airline. «Pete Rose enters the record books with hit # 4,192, beating Ty Cobb's record which stood since 1928. ┴The powerful Hubble Space Telescope is launched into orbit and gives us a "clearer" look at the stars. ╞Frank Lloyd Wrught dies, ending an era of innovative modern architecture. º ╟Smell-O-Vision is introduced, as various odors accompany a scene in the movie "Scent of Mystery". ¿The "Gossamer Albatross" is the first man-powered aircraft to be pedaled across the English Channel. ╗Burt Reynolds is featured in "Cosmopolitan" as the magazine's first ever nude male centerfold. ┤Vivian Leigh, best known for portraying "Scarlett O'Hara", dies at age 54. »Synthetics come to baseball when Astroturf is laid in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. «The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is created to set and enforce U.S. pollution standards. ▓The Robert Mapplethorpe photo exhibit raises a furor in Cincinnati over government arts funding. ╞South Korean conglomerate Hyundai begins exporting its small, inexpensive cars to the U.S. ┬The Big Apple gets a big new candy bar when Yankee Reggie Jackson introduces the Reggie Bar. ║Basebal great Joe DiMaggio bats a thousand when he marries movie great Marilyn Monroe. óCanadian sprinter Ben Johnson loses his Olympic gold after testing positive for steroid use. ─AIDS victim Ryan White is banned from an Indiana school and receives schoolwork via telephone hookup. ┴In an unusual trade, the owners of the Los Angeles Rams and the Baltimore Colts swap teams. ┤The Nodel Prize for chemistry goes to three researchers for their work on DNA mapping. ╝Ernest Davis becomes the first black football player to be awarded th Heisman Trophy. ⌐After 36 years as the leading weekly pictorial, "Life" publishes its "final" magazine. ┤Two baseball teams do the shuffle as the Braves move to Milwaukee and the Browns to Baltimore. íBetty Friedan fuels the fires of the feminist movement with her new book, "The Feminine Mystique". ½Mike Tyson and Robin Givens sue each other for divorce. ─Twins Day Festival attendees set a record for a gathering of twins: 1,810 sets in Twinsberg, Ohio. ─Ecel Knievel fails in his attempt to rocket across the Snake River Canyon in Twin Falls, Idaho. ╢Joan Benoit wins the first women's marathon ever included in the Olympic Games. └Bert Campaneris becomes the first pro baseball player to play all nine positions in one game. ¡Mick Jagger and Bianca marry in St. Tropez, France. Eric Clapton and Brigitte Bardot are guests. │ ╟Twelve years after the big blackout, the lights go out again in New York for 24 hours. ╣Jerry Lee Lewis shakes up the music world when he marries his 13-year-old cousin. ªCassius Clay defeats Sonny Liston in the 7th round to win his first world heavyweight boxing title. ¼Monica Seles, 17, becomes the youngest woman ever to obtain the No. 1 women's tennis world ranking. ╟The NY Islandes beat the Philadelphia Flyers to win their first of four consecutive Stanley Cups. ╝Janet Guthrie becomes the first woman to qualify at the Indy 500. ╣Surgeon General C. Everett Koop reveals evidence for the first time on passive smoking dangers. └Princess Caroline of Monaco marries Phillippe Junot. ║The magical world of Disneyland, brainchild of Walt Disney, opens in Anaheim, California. úTony, the TV "spokestiger", first proclaims "They're GR-R-REAT!" about Kellogg's Frosted Flakes. úDesi Arnaz, Jr. appears on TV Guide's first cover. íFlash photography becomes a cinch when throw-away flashcubes are introduced. «Chemical Bank in New York City becomes the first bank to install an automatic teller machine. ▒"Jesus Christ Superstar" opens on Broadway amid complaints of irreverence and anti-semitism. │Former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy marries Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis. ░The Oakland A's win their third consecutive World Series championship by beating the Dodgers. ╢Two Spanish virtuosos, cellist Pablo Casals and artist Pablo Picasso, die in the same year. ╡Studio 54 opens in New York and attracts a Who's Who clientele to its disco floor. ╣"David", the boy confined to a germ-free bubble, spends his last 15 days of life out of the enclosure. └The Hula Hoop twirls its way onto America's waistland. ªPentel, the first felt-tip pen, is introduced to the market. ¿Slicing a roast is revolutionized as electric knives first become available to consumers. ¼Cape Canaveral is renamed Cape Kennedy . . . but not forever! ½Truman Capote's best-selling "non-fiction novel", "In Cold Blood", is published. «Jelly beans enjoy a surge in popularity when endorsed by President Reagan. ╜Reverend Sun Myung Moon marries some 4,000 followers in a mass ceremony at Madison Square Garden. ╛The New Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center is completed at a cost of $45.7 million. «Albertville, France, hosts the Winter Olympic Games. ╚Kodak introduces the Super-8 system for home movies. ¡The all-male tradition of U.S. military academies ends when the Air Force Academy admits 155 women. ╕Clean shaving becomes a breeze when Wilkinson Sword introduces the first stainless steel razor blade. ñPhillips develops the first video cassette recorder (VCR) especially for home use. ▓Susan Butcher wins the Iditarod dogsled race for the second consecutive year. ├Eisenhower proposes that 18-year-olds be given the right to vote. Congress pulls the "No" lever. óAmerican Eric Heiden wins five gold medals in speed skating at the Lake Placid Winter Olympics. ╝American cyclist Greg LeMond stuns the sports world by taking the Tour de France for the third time. ╞The Salvation Army, which was founded by William Booth in a London mission, celebrates its centenary. ¡Some 30 years after the 4-minute mark is broken, Steve Cram runs a new record mile at 3:46.3 ┴Golfing great Ben Hogan wins the U.S. Open following a recovery from a near-fatal auto accident. ₧The Brooklyn Bridge has its 100th birthday; two million people celebrate at the fireworks display. ┐U.S. postal rates rise twice, bumping first class stamps from 15 cents to 18 cents to 20 cents. ╜Corning Glassworks invents the first photochromic eyeglasses, which darken in bright light. ¼IBM introduces the ill-fated PCjr, targeting the school and home computer markets. ┐President Reagan, preparing for a radio show, jokes about the Soviet Union: "We begin bombing in 5 minutes". └New York's "The Village Voice" is published for the first time, giving voice to the counterculture. úThe San Francisco Tripps Festival becomes a turning point in music when "acid rock" is introduced. «For the first time, Rotary clubs are required to admit women, according to a Supreme Court ruling. ├J. Paul Getty and Martha Mitchell die during the same year. ╕The 20th anniversary of Earth Day is celebrated! ╞Pete Rose, accused of betting on sports, gets banned from baseball for life. ┼A former stagehand murders a violinist at the Metropolitan Opera House. ╝As a fad, college kids cram into cars---the smaller the better. úThe salary for the president of the United States is raised from S100,000 to $200,000. ▒Bill Russell becomes the first black NBA head coach--- for the Boston Celtics. «Welsh poet Dylan Thomas dies prematurely of alcoholism in New York City. íAdvice columnists Ann Landers and Abigail Van Buren admit to recycling some old letters. ╛Singer Anita Byant launches a "save our children" campaign to repeal a gay rights bill in Florida. ╣Our global population hits the five billion mark. ├Xerox renders carbon paper obsolete by introducing its first commercial copier. ºBacteriologist Alexander Fleming, discoverer of penicillin and saver of countless lives, dies. úThe female contraceptive known as "The Pill" first becomes available to the public. ⌐Swanson introduces the first TV dinner---turkey. óAfter experimenting on dogs, F.D. Moore and T.E. Starzl perform the first human liver transplant. ½Christina Onassis dies of heart failure at the age of 37. ─Plastic Surgeons begin using sacs of silicone, instead of sponge pads, for breast implants. ¬Former Texas governor John B. Connally's personal belongings are auctioned off for $2.7 million. ─U.S. pilot Jackie Cochran is the first woman to break the sound barrier at more than 650 mph. íRoche Laboratories introduces Valium, to the relief of a highly-strung nation. ½"Les Miserables", the popular British musical, opens on Broadway. ├Greg LeMond is the first American to win the prestigious Tour de France bicycle race. ┬Wayne Gretzky is named MVP in the NHL for the first time, the youngest player ever so named. ╝"S'long, Joe!" It's the end of an era when baseball great Joe DiMaggio hangs up his glove and retires. ƒMario Puzo's book "The Godfather", a violent saga of the Mafia-entrenched Corleone family, is published. ▒Arthur Ashe becomes the first black male to win the U.S. Open championship in tennis. ░Smile! The disk camera is introduced by Eastman Kodak. ╛General Motors Oldsmobile division introduces the first U.S. diesel automobiles. ╣The first American black contestant, Miss Ohio, competes in the Miss Universe Contest. ¿A high-level computer language written in structured modules and called PASCAL is first introduced. │The Saturday Evening Post, known for its Norman Rockwell covers, publishes its "final" issue. ▒Silver screen legend and Hollywood tough guy, Humphrey Bogart, dies at age 57. ÑCarmaker John DeLorean is arrested in L.A. for possessing more than 59 pounds of cocaine. ╛Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, New York's unique circular Guggenheim Museum is completed and opened. ºThe federally-funded Conrail corporation takes over the bankrupt northeastern railroads. ╕Ohio State running back Archie Griffin is the first player to win the Heisman Trophy twice. ╖Decades before its time, the first phone answering machine is made by Bell Labs and Western Electric. ₧Paul VI becomes the first Pope to visit the United States. ¡First conversation over Transoceanic telephone cable takes place. Presumably, the line's not busy. ñ"Amadeus", a story based on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, wins a Tony Award for Best Play. ╜Short in stature, long on talent, Doug Flutie wins the Heisman Trophy. └Fashion takes a hike as mini-skirts first gain popularity. «The tobacco industry gives smpkers a new tip as the first filter-tipped cigarettes are marketed. íControversial diet guru Nathan Pritikin dies in a New York hospital at age 69. ┴New York is still number one, but L.A. overtakes Chicago as the second largest U.S. city. └At 21, Tania Aebi completes her 2 1/2 year solo voyage around the world on a 26-foot sloop. ├Fans flock to Disneyland for Donald Duck's 50th birthday bash. └Nancy Reagan spends more than $200,000 on a set of china for the White House. ╜Patti Frustaci gives birth to four boys and two girls, setting a U.S. multiple birth record. ┴Jim Ryun is the first man to run the mile in under four minutes, at 3:51.3. «"A Chorus Line", Broadway's longest-running show, closes after 6,137 performances in almost 15 years. ╞The NBA expands to 22 teams when it merges with the American Basketball Association. ╕"First Lady of Tennis" Chris Evert retires with a lifetime tournament record of 157 wins. ┼Dr. Seuss's "The Cat In The Hat" is published, to the impish delight of adults and children alike. ÑThe Department of Energy is created to promote new sources of energy and conserve existing supplies. ╣Quarterback Joe Namath leads the N.Y. Jets to the first AFL Super Bowl win, over the Colts. ▒Janelle Penny Commissiong from Trinidad-Tobago is the first black to win the Miss Universe title. ╣At a Tucson gem show, Roy Whetstine buys a $10 stone that may be the largest star sapphire ever. ┬Australia wins the America's Cup, ending the U.S. reign over the yachting world. ┐The Bunny Hop sets old and young alike to hopping on dance floors in the latest dancing craze. áThe cost of mailing a first class letter in the U.S. increases from 10 cents to 13 cents. ╖"Peyton Place" heats up bookstore shelves and readers alike as one of the year's blockbuster bestsellers. ñ
